Fasteners, In construction, connectors between structural members. Bolted connections are used when it is necessary to fasten two elements tightly together, especially to resist shear and bending, as in column and beam connections. Threaded metal bolts are always used in conjunction with nuts. In general, construction bolts are used to create joints between structural elements or to install them into a surface or material. In some cases, bolts are meant to be a permanent part of a structure, meaning that once they are installed they cannot be shifted and require no further maintenance or replacement.
Fastener: is a hardware device that mechanically joins or affixes two or more objects together. In general, fasteners are used to create non-permanent joints; that is, joints that can be removed or dismantled without damaging the joining components. Bolts are best described as long shafts and are generally only partially threaded. While a stud requires the use of a nut screw to increase or loosen tension between the parts it holds together, the bolt has a distinct flat head on one side.
Stud Bolts are externally threaded fasteners without a head, used with 2 nuts on either side, substituting a usual “bolt & nut” assembly. Stud bolts are prominently used in flange connections. Depending upon their design and threading patterns, there are different types of stud bolts as below. Because the stud is torqued from a relaxed state, the pressure from the nut will make it stretch only along the vertical axis without a concurrent twisting load. The result is a more evenly distributed and accurate torque load compared to that of the head bolt.
